Dependence, addiction and overdose risk

Dependence and addiction
As with most drugs, people can develop a tolerance to alcohol over time. This means they need to drink more to feel the same effects. Because they are used to so much alcohol, they might not appear drunk while drinking, but the alcohol will still be damaging their health.

Alcohol can be addictive and cause dependence. For example, people who drink a lot of alcohol in social situations might feel they cannot enjoy themselves in these situations without a drink.

People can be physically dependent because their body has become accustomed to having alcohol in its system. If somebody with this condition suddenly stops drinking alcohol (withdrawal) there could be serious health risks. Withdrawal effects include loss of appetite, nausea, sweating, body shakes, anxiety, insomnia, irritability and confusion.

A person withdrawing from severe alcohol dependence may risk convulsions, delusions, hallucinations, vomiting and death. It is strongly recommended that people in these circumstances see a doctor or health professional because they will need help to manage their withdrawal.

Overdose
Alcohol poisoning (overdose) is serious and can lead to death. Signs include nausea, vomiting, coma, slow and shallow breathing, pale skin and incontinence (wetting or soiling oneself).  If someone is showing these signs call 111 and ask for an ambulance immediately.

For more information about overdose, see our How to get help section.